The Emergence of the Director in Theatre: Evolution of Staging Practices

Abstract

In the history of theatre, the concept of directing has been shaped by the tasks undertaken by various figures in staging processes since Ancient Greece, but as an independent art practice, it became evident in the 19th century. Until this concept reached its present form, during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, this role was generally undertaken by actors, writers, and stage organizers. In the second half of the 19th century, with the increasing importance of realism in plays staged in Europe, the necessity of approaching the staging process in a holistic manner emerged. With the contributions of figures such as the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, André Antoine and Konstantin Stanislavski, the director became not only a stage organiser but also an artistic and dramaturgical interpreter. Antoine's staging approach, based on naturalism, and Stanislavski's system, rooted in psychological realism, have formed the foundation of the modern concept of theatre directing. In the 20th century, the director is positioned as a central figure who ensures the aesthetic integrity of the theatre, directs acting techniques and shapes the staging process. Today, with postdramatic theatre, experimental staging techniques and interdisciplinary approaches, the concept of directing has become more diversified and has become one of the most dynamic elements of theatre. This study aims to examine the historical development of the concept of directing and to analyse its transformation in theatre practice.